Light: Full sun in suitable climates; in Phoenix, avoid reflected heat and provide afternoon protection for young trees.
Water: Not a low-water desert tree. Requires substantial, deep irrigation in Phoenix, especially during establishment and summer. Water broadly beneath and beyond the canopy, allowing the upper soil to partially dry between irrigations.
Soil: Deep, moist, well-drained, acidic to slightly acidic soil. Phoenix’s alkaline and caliche soils often cause nutrient deficiencies and restrict rooting.
Mature size: Typically 60–75 feet tall and 45–60 feet wide in suitable climates; growth and longevity may be substantially reduced in Phoenix.
Bloom: Small, inconspicuous flowers in spring as leaves emerge; acorns mature over two growing seasons.
Evergreen / deciduous: Deciduous.
Growth rate: Moderate to fast under favorable conditions; often slow or stressed in Phoenix.